Axolotl Care

axolotl

Crotaphytus collaris

Axolotls are fully aquatic salamanders native to high-altitude lakes near Mexico City, such as Lake Xochimilco. Unlike most amphibians, they remain in their aquatic larval form for life (a condition called neoteny), keeping their feathery external gills and tail fin. Adults typically reach 9–12 inches in length, though some may grow larger in captivity. They are nocturnal but can be active throughout the day, slowly exploring the tank. Known for their “smiling” expression, axolotls are hardy but require specialized aquatic conditions to thrive.

Lifespan:

10–15 years in captivity with proper care

Sexing:

Males: Males: Longer tails, swollen cloaca, slimmer body shape.

Females: Rounder body (especially when gravid with eggs), smaller cloaca.

Sexing is easiest once axolotls reach adulthood.

Enclosure:

• Juveniles: 20-gallon long minimum (30” x 12” x 12”)

• Adults: 40-gallon breeder or larger for one; additional space required for multiple axolotls.

  Provide a soft sand substrate or keep the tank bare-bottomed; avoid gravel or small stones as they can cause impaction.

Substrate:

Fine sand is best to prevent ingestion hazards. Large, smooth river rocks can be used for aesthetics, but ensure they are too large to swallow. Never use gravel.

Lighting & Temperature:

• Ambient Temperature:  60–68°F

• Low ambient light or a dim aquarium LED is sufficient, as axolotls prefer darker environments.

Humidity:

Maintain humidity levels between 30-50% to mimic their desert environment.

Food:

Axolotls are carnivores. Feed a diet of:

• High-quality axolotl pellets (staple).

• Earthworms (a favorite food source).

• Frozen/thawed bloodworms or blackworms.

• Feed juveniles daily; adults every 2–3 days.

Water:

Provide fully aquatic housing with a sponge filter or low-flow canister filter, as strong currents stress axolotls.

• Water Parameters: pH 6.5–8.0, Ammonia 0 ppm, Nitrite 0 ppm, Nitrate <40 ppm.

• Perform 20–30% water changes weekly using dechlorinated water.

With their unique appearance, calm nature, and fascinating behaviors, axolotls are unlike any other amphibian in the pet trade. They are hardy and long-lived when their water quality and temperatures are maintained, making them a rewarding choice for aquarists who want a truly one-of-a-kind pet.